本书以青藏高原高海拔地区特殊地理位置和低压环境条件为立足点，充分考虑在低压缺氧环境下车辆综合性能衰减和长期积雪冰冻中行车稳定性剧降，同时易引发驾驶员的高原反应和疲劳驾驶等因素，全面系统地介绍了高海拔地区低压缺氧环境下大型典型货运车型综合性能以及驾驶员的心理生理变化和驾驶行为变化规律、高速公路运行速度预测模型、高速公路速度控制与安全设计关键技术、高速公路几何设计关键技术指标与取值标准、服务设施配置标准等研究成果，最后结合在花石峡至大武公路工程的示范和应用，对示范工程的公路路线设计、速度控制设施进行了优化与完善。
目 录
1 Introduction ................................................... 1
1.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Introduction to Research Status Worldwide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.1 Vehicle Dynamic Characteristics at High Altitude . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.2 Psycho-physiological Characteristics of Drivers
in High Altitude Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.2.3 Characteristics of Freeway Traffic Operation
in High-Altitude Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.2.4 Geometric Technical Indicators of Freeway Routes
in High Altitude Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.3 Main Research Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.3.1 Research on Vehicle Performance and Driving
Behavior in Low Pressure and Oxygen Deficient
Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.3.2 Research on Traffic Features and Speed Control
of Freeways in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Region . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1.3.3 Research on Main Technical Indicators of Freeway
Alignment in Low Pressure and Oxygen Deficient
Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1.3.4 Study on Technical Standards and Design Guidelines
for Qinghai-Tibet Freeway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
1.4 Technical Difficulties and Research Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
1.5 Scientific and Technological Achievements and Innovation . . . . . . . 43
1.6 Application of Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
1.7 Economic and Social Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
2 The Characteristics of Traffic Operation in High Altitude Areas . . . . 55
2.1 Characteristics of Traffic Accidents in Special High Altitude
Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.1.1 Basic Data on Traffic Accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.1.2 The Indicators and Methods of Traffic Accident
Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2.1.3 General Distribution Characteristics of Traffic
Accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
2.1.4 Characteristics of the Relationship Between
Traffic Accidents and People, Vehicles, Roads
and the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
2.2 The Characteristics of the Traffic Flow in Special High
Altitude Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
2.2.1 Basic Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
2.2.2 Traffic Volume and Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
2.2.3 Analysis of Traffic Flow Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
2.3 Traffic Safety Service Level in High Altitude Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
2.3.1 Determination of Road Segmentation Method . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
2.3.2 Analysis of Traffic Accident Influencing Factors . . . . . . . . . . 116
2.3.3 Regional Highway Accident Prediction Model . . . . . . . . . . . 118
2.3.4 General Distribution Characteristics of Traffic
Accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
2.3.5 Traffic Safety Service Level of Secondary Highway . . . . . . . 136
2.3.6 Preliminary Study on Freeway Traffic Safety Service
Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
3 Dynamic Features of Typical Vehicles Under Low Pressure
and Oxygen Deficient Environment in High Altitude Areas . . . . . . . . . 141
3.1 Vehicle Types and Methods for Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
3.1.1 Vehicle Types for Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
3.1.2 Test Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
3.1.3 Test Site and Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
3.2 Principles of Vehicle Dynamics in Plateau Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
3.2.1 Principles of Vehicle Driving Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
3.2.2 Principle of Vehicle Driving Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
3.2.3 Altitude-Based Power and Resistance Discounting
Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
3.3 External Characteristics of Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
3.3.1 Test and Calculation Process of Engine External
Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
3.3.2 Comparison of Engine External Characteristics
at Different Altitudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
3.3.3 Analysis of Engine Torque Reduction Coefficient . . . . . . . . . 163
3.4 Engine Braking Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
3.4.1 Engine Braking Characteristic Test and Calculation
Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
3.4.2 Comparison of Engine Braking Characteristics
at Different Altitudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
3.4.3 Analysis of Engine Braking Torque Reduction
Coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
